Recognition and treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess ethnic differences in the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) compared to typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) among Chinese and Caucasian patients in British Columbia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted between 2008 and 2013 based on predefined inclusion criteria. Demographic, diagnostic, and clinical outcome data—including race, lesion type, diagnostic modality, and treatment response—were extracted and analyzed using RStudio. RESULTS: Of the 416 eyes reviewed, 92.07% (383/416, N = Total sample number) were from Caucasian patients and 7.93% (33/416, N = Total sample number) from Chinese patients. No statistically significant difference in median age at diagnosis was observed between ethnic groups. ICGA was used in 3.57% (2/56, N = Total number of PCV cases) of PCV cases. Anti-VEGF monotherapy was the predominant treatment modality, while combination therapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) was employed in 5.38% (22/353 + 56) of cases. There were no significant differences in visual acuity (VA) gains or central retinal thickness (CRT) reductions between PCV and nAMD diagnoses, nor between ethnic groups. Under anti-VEGF monotherapy, visual acuity and central retinal thickness outcomes were similar between PCV and nAMD and across the ethnic groups evaluated, within the limitations of the study design. CONCLUSION: PCV, though less common than typical nAMD, was identified in both Chinese and Caucasian patients, with a trend toward younger age at presentation compared to nAMD. The low utilization of ICGA may contribute to the underdiagnosis of PCV. Nevertheless, anti-VEGF monotherapy yielded comparable outcomes across diagnoses and ethnicities, underscoring the importance of equitable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in nAMD care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".