Chelation Assisted Electrodialysis as a Practical Alternative to the SX-5 Stage for Separating (Tb, Dy) from (Sm, Eu, Gd)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide This study demonstrates a chelation-assisted electrodialysis (CAED) process using DCTA as a potential solvent-free alternative to the SX-5 stage in rare earth element (REE) separation. The process was evaluated using synthetic feed solutions representative of the middle-to-heavy REE fraction, and its performance was compared with that of the conventional EDTA-assisted system. DCTA exhibited superior selectivity and faster precipitation kinetics, leading to improved separation performance under controlled laboratory conditions. A phenomenological model was developed, experimentally validated, and applied to identify an optimal operation window, providing insight into ion transport behavior and stage-wise selectivity trends. While DCTA offers clear chemical advantages, practical factors such as its higher cost, solubility limits, and recycling requirements remain important considerations for scale-up. The CAED approach demonstrated the potential to reproduce the SX-5 separation step while eliminating organic solvent use, offering a pathway toward more sustainable REE separation processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".