AMPK Repositions Early Endosomes via Gapex-5 to Promote Delivery of Iron to Mitochondria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The regulation of the spatial organization of organelles within cells is critical for coordinating signaling, membrane traffic, and metabolite exchange. Metabolic cues regulate the position and function of lysosomes, yet whether and how metabolic signals may similarly regulate other organelles such as early endosomes (EEs) remains unclear. We find that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis activated in response to nutrient scarcity, triggers movement of EEs to the perinuclear region of cells, leading to enhanced proximity of endosomes to mitochondria and increased delivery of iron to mitochondria. The movement of EEs and increased mitochondrial iron content elicited by AMPK activation requires Gapex-5, a GEF for the early endosome Rab5 previously shown to be an AMPK substrate. These findings reveal a mechanism by which AMPK reprograms endosome positioning to facilitate inter-organelle communication and iron delivery to mitochondria to support metabolic adaptation under conditions of nutrient scarcity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".