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Record W4415595813 · doi:10.1073/pnas.2506658122

Global impact of anthropogenic NH <sub>3</sub> emissions on upper tropospheric aerosol formation

2025· article· en· W4415595813 on OpenAlexaff
Christos Xenofontos, Matthias Kohl, Samuel Ruhl, João Almeida, Lucía Caudillo, Rómulo Cruz-Simbrón, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Sebastian Ehrhart, Henning Finkenzeller, Kristina Höhler, Weimeng Kong, Felix Kunkler, Clara J. Lietzke, Bernhard Mentler, A. Morawiec, Antti Onnela, Birte Rörup, Douglas M. Russell, Meredith Schervish, Wiebke Scholz, Milin Kaniyodical Sebastian, Mario Simon, Eva Sommer, Yandong Tong, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Gabriela R. Unfer, Lejish Vettikkat, Boxing Yang, Wenjuan Yu, Imad Zgheib, Zhensen Zheng, Joachim Curtius, Neil M. Donahue, Richard C. Flagan, Hamish Gordon, Imad El Haddad, Armin Hansel, Hartwig Harder, Xu‐Cheng He, J. Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Ottmar Möhler, Tuukka Petäjä, Mira L. Pöhlker, Siegfried Schobesberger, Dominik Stolzenburg, Mingyi Wang, Paul M. Winkler, Douglas R. Worsnop, M. Höpfner, Rainer Volkamer, Andrea Pozzer, Jos Lelieveld, T. Christoudias

Bibliographic record

VenueProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicAtmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Canadian institutionsInstitute of Particle Physics
FundersNational Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ProgramLeibniz-GemeinschaftOesterreichische NationalbankUniversity of California, IrvineCarnegie Mellon UniversityBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungUniversität InnsbruckBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyHORIZON EUROPE Framework ProgrammeNuclear Safety and Security CommissionHORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie ActionsLeibniz-Institut für TroposphärenforschungDivision of ChemistryUniversität WienPaul Scherrer InstitutVienna Science and Technology FundH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungCalifornia Institute of TechnologyHelsingin YliopistoEuropean CommissionEuropean Research CouncilCERNUniversity of Colorado BoulderHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeNanjing UniversityAcademy of FinlandItä-Suomen YliopistoJane ja Aatos Erkon SäätiöNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Science Foundation
KeywordsAerosolTroposphereStratosphereCloud condensation nucleiChemical transport modelSulfateSulfate aerosolNitrateParticle (ecology)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Anthropogenic ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions have significantly increased in recent decades due to enhanced agricultural activities, contributing to global air pollution. While the effects of NH 3 on surface air quality are well documented, its influence on particle dynamics in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) and related aerosol impacts remain unquantified. NH 3 reaches the UTLS through convective transport and can enhance new particle formation (NPF). This modeling study evaluates the global impact of anthropogenic NH 3 on UTLS particle formation and quantifies its effects on aerosol loading and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) abundance. We use the EMAC Earth system model, incorporating multicomponent NPF parameterizations from the CERN CLOUD experiment. Our simulations reveal that convective transport increases NH 3 -driven NPF in the UTLS by one to three orders of magnitude compared to a baseline scenario without anthropogenic NH 3 , causing a doubling of aerosol numbers over high-emission regions. These aerosol changes induce a 2.5-fold increase in upper tropospheric CCN concentrations. Anthropogenic NH 3 emissions increase the relative contribution of water-soluble inorganic ions to the UTLS aerosol optical depth (AOD) by 20% and increase total column AOD by up to 80%. In simulations without anthropogenic NH 3 , UTLS aerosol composition is dominated by sulfate and organic species, with a marked reduction in ammonium nitrate and aerosol water content. This results in a decline of aerosol mass concentration by up to 50%. These findings underscore the profound global influence of anthropogenic NH 3 emissions on UTLS particle formation, AOD, and CCN production, with important implications for cloud formation and climate.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.018
Threshold uncertainty score0.036

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.285
Teacher spread0.267 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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