MRI study on hippocampal subfield volume loss and abnormal functional connectivity in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of gray matter volume loss in hippocampal subfields and alterations in whole-brain functional connectivity among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to examine the correlations between these neural changes and neuropsychological scale scores as well as clinical indicators. METHODS: Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, along with neurocognitive assessments, were acquired from 32 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 38 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using a Siemens 3.0T MRI scanner. Hippocampal subfield volumes were segmented and extracted using the Anatomy toolbox and Restplus (v1.25) within the MATLAB R2022a environment. Subregions demonstrating significant volumetric alterations were identified through subsequent between-group comparisons and defined as regions of interest (ROIs) for seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis. The relationships between gray matter volume, functional connectivity values, neuropsychological test scores, and clinical indices were investigated using partial correlation analysis. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) exhibited significantly reduced bilateral entorhinal cortex (EC) volumes and increased volume in bilateral dentate gyrus (DG) (P < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Using these volume-altered subregions as regions of interest (ROIs), seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis revealed significantly increased FC strength between the left EC and the left caudate nucleus, alongside significantly decreased FC strength between the right DG and the right middle occipital gyrus (GRF correction: voxel-level p < 0.001, cluster-level p < 0.05, two-tailed). Furthermore, partial correlation analyses demonstrated significant positive correlations between the FC strength of the right hippocampal DG subfield and the right middle occipital gyrus, and scores on both the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (r = 0.560, p = 0.001) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (r = 0.541, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) demonstrate structural alterations in hippocampal subfields and widespread functional dysconnectivity across the brain. Notably, the strength of functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the visual cortex was significantly and positively correlated with cognitive function. This study provides neuroimaging evidence supporting the mechanisms underlying central nervous system complications in DR, suggesting that hippocampal subfield volumes and specific functional connectivity patterns hold potential as neuroimaging biomarkers for early intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".