A strengthening protocol based on core tasks in Parkinson‘s disease: a pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Parkinson‘s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease whose progression impairs the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). Its main symptoms are tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity and postural instability, making neurofunctional rehabilitation important for these individuals. Physical exercises are essential for reducing the PD progression and optimize the social participation of individuals. Despite numerous studies on the dose and type of exercise to be performed in PD, no strengthening protocol was found aimed the rehabilitation of core tasks. Objective: This is a pilot study that proposes a strengthening protocol aimed at maintaining the independence of PD patients in performing ADLs, with a focus on training core tasks (standing, walking, stepping up/down, and reaching/grasping/manipulating objects). Methods: This is a longitudinal study and case report with a 70-year-old man with PD for 12 years and stage 3 on the Hoehn and Yard scale. The protocol contains 9 exercises to be performed in ambulatorial environment and is divided into five weeks with the possibility of progression and regression in terms of difficulty and intensity. Fifteen sessions were realized and the volunteer was assessed using the Unified Parkinson‘s Disease Rating Scale adapted by the Movement Disorder Society (MDS-UPDRS), the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Parkinson‘s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ - 39). Results: The protocol included exercises for reaching (anterior, superior and diagonal), step up and down (with and without resistance), free and resisted lower limb exercises aimed at postural transfers, trunk strengthening, gait and balance. The sessions lasted 40 minutes and for each exercise was performed 3 series of 8 to 12 repetitions, which were associated with cognitive double tasks. After five weeks, improvements were seen in the UPDRS (12 points) and DGI (1 point) scores, as well as in the Mobility (12.5%), ADLs (2.5%), cognition (16.67%) and communication (6.25%) domains of the PDQ-39. There was a worsening in the scores of the other domains of the PDQ-39 (emotional well-being, stigma, social support and bodily discomfort) and the MoCA. Conclusion: This study developed a strengthening protocol for PD rehabilitation. The protocol was applied for five weeks, three times a week, for 40 minutes to an individual with PD. Improvements were seen in dynamic balance, motor symptoms, mobility, performance of ADLs, cognition and communication, as recorded by the DGI, UPDRS and PDQ-39 scales. No improvement was observed in executive functions and memory (MoCA), as well as in emotional well-being, stigma, social support and bodily discomfort. The protocol can be applied in an outpatient setting and needs to be applied to more volunteers to assess its effectiveness and feasibility.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".