Engineering Hetero-Layered Mannodendrimers to Enhance Macrophage Receptor Binding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrate-binding proteins like mannose-binding proteins, mannose receptors (MRs), Dectin-2, and DC-SIGN are key players in immune surveillance and serve as useful targets for gene, drug, and vaccine delivery. Macrophage mannose receptors (MMRs), in particular, are ideal for targeted therapeutic strategies. This study presents a library of heterolayered mannosylated dendrimers with selective affinity for MMRs on HL60-derived macrophage-like cells. Using click chemistry, di- to hexavalent scaffolds were synthesized and convergently linked to dendrons harboring α- d -mannopyranoside moieties. Silencing MRC1/CD206 reduced the uptake of Nile Red-labeled mannosylated liposomes (∼100 nm), confirming its role in internalization. Competitive inhibition assays showed a 12-valent mannodendrimer nanoparticle (∼2.5 nm) on a cyclotriphosphazene core had the highest affinity (IC 50 = 28.9 ± 0.2 μM), outperforming larger liposomal constructs. These results highlight the importance of nanoscale geometry and ligand presentation, supporting glycodendrimers as effective platforms for targeted immunotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".