Food and the brain: Neural and endocrine control of feeding, metabolism, and reproduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feeding and reproductive function are regulated by intricate systems that monitor food availability and energy stores, and on the basis of energy status, promote or put a brake on reproduction. This is particularly evident in the systems that regulate feeding and reproductive state in female mammals. Here we describe some of the systems that regulate feeding and reproductive state focusing on how metabolic hormones impact the onset of puberty as discussed in the panel session presented at the recent Panamerican Neuroendocrine Society meeting in Santos, Brazil. Indeed, hormones like leptin and insulin, which are released when levels of energy resources are increasing, may be critical signals that activate hypothalamic pathways related to ovulation in females to cause the onset of puberty. In adults, increasing levels of these hormones signal to the hypothalamus to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure. In contrast, hormones like ghrelin impact hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain regions to drive hunger and the motivation to eat ultimately increasing feeding behavior and decreasing energy expenditure. Based on these actions, we describe some potential targets for the treatment of obesity and the mechanisms by which these targets work to improve human health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".