Mental disorder comorbidity in children and youth with chronic physical illness: A 48-month follow-up
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies investigate longer-term continuity of mental disorder among children and youth with chronic physical illness. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence and predictors of homotypic and heterotypic continuity of mental disorder in children and youth with chronic physical illness. METHODS: Children and youth (2-16 years) with physical illness were recruited from outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital (N = 263) and followed for 48 months. Mental disorder was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. Generalized estimating equations were computed to identify clinical, parent, and demographic predictors of continuity. RESULTS: Mental disorder was observed in 24 %-38 % (child-report) and 35 %-39 % (parent-report) of children and youth. Prevalence increased from baseline to 48 months for child-reports (p < 0.05). Child-reported models revealed significant homotypic continuity for mood (OR = 5.5 [2.4, 12.9]) and anxiety disorder (OR = 5.4 [2.3, 12.8]), and heterotypic continuity between baseline anxiety and subsequent mood disorder (OR = 6.1 [2.5, 14.5]), and baseline mood and subsequent anxiety disorder (OR = 2.5 [1.1, 5.8]). Parent-reported models revealed significant homotypic continuity for all disorders (ORs = 2.6-7.7), and heterotypic continuity between baseline mood and subsequent anxiety disorder (OR = 2.4 [1.3, 4.7]), baseline anxiety disorder/ADHD and subsequent behavior disorder (OR = 2.7 [1.1, 6.9]/OR = 4.9 [2.0, 11.8]), and baseline behavior and all mental disorders (ORs = 3.5-9.4). Child/youth disability (ORs = 1.2-1.4) and parent psychopathology (ORs = 1.1-1.5) were consistent predictors of continuity. CONCLUSIONS: Mental disorder is prevalent and persistent in children and youth with physical illness. Child/youth disability and parent psychopathology may be priority targets to prevent and screen for physical-mental comorbidity in children and youth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".