Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the Fall quarter of 2024 we (a computer scientist and an economist as the faculty in charge of the course, with two economics graduate students as course assistants) taught an undergraduate course with the title “Causality, Decision Making, and Data Science,” cross-listed in the Economics Department, the Data Science Major, the Computer Science Department and the Graduate School of Business undergraduate program. The course was primarily intended for freshmen and sophomores, but because it was the first time we offered it, we also admitted juniors and a few seniors. We restricted enrollment to forty students to make the course interactive. The course was case-based, with minimal statistics requirements. It was successful from our perspective, and student evaluations reflected a similarly positive view. We would like to share here some of what we learned. The materials we put together, including an extensive set of slides, problem sets, and data sets, are available on this website <https://stanford-causalinference-class.github.io/> (https://stanford-causalinference-class.github.io/ <https://stanford-causalinference-class.github.io/> ).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it