Highly extendable triboelectric nanogenerators with sustainable electrical output for deployable multifunctional metamaterials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highly extendable triboelectric nanogenerators (HETENGs) are introduced that are capable of energy harvesting under extreme stretching deformations. The HETENG incorporates a rolling PTFE-Nylon composite strip as a unidirectional charge transfer medium to generate sustainable open-circuit voltage and short-circuit charge transfer output, combined with a coil spring for self-retraction after large extension. Remarkably, HETENGs exhibit a maximum accumulated open-circuit voltage of 1440 V and an extending rate exceeding 634.9%. The HSTENG’s in-plane rotational pattern allows multi-branch configurations for harvesting energy from multidirectional deformations. Daily-life applications are demonstrated for the developed HETENGs working as one-dimensional (1D) engineering materials that scavenge energy from human movement or door opening/closing actions. Integration of these HETENGs into two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) scissor-like linkages (SLs) to form triboelectric mechanical metamaterials (TMMs) further enables simultaneous energy harvesting and mechanical energy dissipation during area- or volume-changing deformations. The energy harvesting dominance of each HETENGs within a 2D TMM is unraveled, enabling control over the short-circuit current waveform by adjusting their structural configurations. The exceptional electromechanical performance of these TMMs positions them as promising candidates for applications in intelligent foldable architectures, compact eco-friendly power sources, and integrated electricity-storage energy harvesters. • Developing a highly extendable triboelectric nanogenerator (HETENG) with a sustainable charge transfer mechanism for efficient energy harvesting. • Integrating HETENGs into 2D or 3D scissor-like linkages to form triboelectric mechanical metamaterials (TMMs) for harvesting energy during large area- or volume-changing deformations. • Demonstrating a maximum open-circuit voltage of 1440 V and a extending rate exceeding 634.9%. • Utilizing HETENGs as 1D materials harvesting energy from human body movements or door opening/closing actions. • 2D TMM enabling control over the short-circuit current waveform by adjusting their structural configurations
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".