Validation and Preference-Based Scoring of the York Binaural Hearing-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Young People
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The York Binaural Hearing-Related Quality of Life questionnaire for Young People (YBHRQL-Y) is a 3-item measure of hearing-related quality of life devised specifically for use with young people (children aged 8 to 16 years old) with hearing loss. This research had three objectives: (1) to assign numerical values where a higher value corresponds to better perceived overall health status ("health utility weights") to each of 27 unique combinations of difficulties with speech understanding, sound localization, and listening effort ("hearing health states"); (2) to assess its validity and reproducibility when used with young people with hearing loss; (3) to assess the feasibility of a proxy version designed to be completed by the parents/guardians of young people with hearing loss. DESIGN: Health utility weights were obtained by conducting time trade-off interviews with a cross-sectional sample of 155 young adults, aged 18 to 24 years old, recruited from social media and UK universities. To assess validity and reproducibility, the YBHRQL-Y and other established instruments measuring functional hearing and hearing-related quality of life in children were administered to young people with hearing loss at two time points, 2 wk apart. In total, 71 children aged 8 to 16 yr old with at least a severe hearing loss took part and were recruited from social media, relevant charities, and support groups in the United Kingdom. The feasibility of obtaining information about the binaural hearing-related quality of life of young people with hearing loss indirectly was assessed by administering a proxy version of the YBHRQL-Y to the parents or guardians of the young people who participated in the research. A total of 71 parents or guardians were recruited from social media, relevant charities, and support groups in the United Kingdom. RESULTS: The health utility weights elicited from young adults varied monotonically with the level of hearing-related impact described on each of the three dimensions of the YBHRQL-Y, such that the greater the degree of hearing-related impact, the poorer the corresponding health state was judged to be by the respondents. Convergent validity analyses suggested that the domains of the YBHRQL-Y measure the intended constructs and the overall measure relates to the respondent's health-related quality of life. Test-retest analyses suggested it was reliable and showed good agreement between administrations. Pairwise analysis of responses from the young person with hearing loss and those of their parent/guardian suggested that the proxy measure had poor reliability and poor agreement with the measure administered directly to the young person with hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: The YBHRQL-Y is a valid and reliable measure of hearing-related quality of life when administered directly to a young person aged 8 to 16 with at least a severe hearing loss. An individual's preference-based score, derived from the preferences of young adults, successfully integrates information about binaural-related hearing across the domains of speech understanding, sound localization, and listening effort. The combination of brief age-appropriate questions, good psychometric performance across time, and a preference-based scoring method makes the YBHRQL-Y a straightforward means to assess hearing-related quality of life in young people with hearing loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".