Study of the influence of the composite-type nozzle design on the gas-dynamic characteristics of a gas jet
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Today, numerous designs of the top-blowing nozzles and lances exist, but the challenge of improving top-blowing performance remains relevant. The paper (for the first time) studies the use of composite-type nozzles (consisting of a central cylindrical and annular outer part with a peripheral area of 25%, 50% and 75% of the total nozzle cross-sectional area) compared to Laval and cylindrical nozzles equivalent in cross-sectional area. It was found that the peripheral part has the greatest influence on the hydro-gas-dynamic characteristics of the experimental gas jets. At 25% of the peripheral part, the central structure of the ‘barrel’ chain and the interaction characteristics with the liquid are similar to jets flowing from Laval nozzles, but the liquid penetration depth is less. An increase in the peripheral fraction to 50% – 75% is characterised by the formation of jets with a complex central part, with even less penetration into the liquid, but with a wider crater than from a cylindrical nozzle, and with the absence of high splashes and the formation of a fine ‘mist’ of liquid.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it