Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality Following Whipple’s Procedure for Solid Pseudopapillary Tumors: A Retrospective Study in Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) of the pancreas are rare neoplasms presenting unique surgical challenges. The Whipple’s procedure remains pivotal in management, albeit with potential complications. Objective: To evaluate postoperative morbidity and mortality following the Whipple’s procedure for SPTs in Bangladesh, determining complication incidence, analyzing operative variables, and accurately identifying significant predictors of patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2023 at the Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Liver Transplantation Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Al-Manar Hospital Ltd and Central Hospital Ltd, Dhaka. Thirty-five patients underwent the Whipple’s procedure for SPTs were retrospectively analyzed. Data on demographics, operative details, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were collected. Statistical analysis included calculation of means, standard deviations, and significance testing (p<0.05). Results: Among 35 patients (mean age 32 ± 8 years), the overall complication rate was 11.4% (n=4). Minor complications, such as delayed gastric emptying and wound infections, were noted, with major adverse event pancreatic fistula reported. The mean operative time was 360 ± 45 minutes, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 500 ± 120 mL. A statistically significant correlation was observed between prolonged operative time and increased postoperative morbidity (p=0.03). The average hospital stay was 12 ± 3 days, with perioperative improvements contributing to a 15% reduction in length of hospitalization compared to historical controls. Conclusions: The Whipple’s procedure for SPTs demonstrates acceptable morbidity with zero mortality. Strategic perioperative enhancements significantly reduce hospital stay, underscoring the procedure’s safety and efficacy in Bangladesh.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".