Characterization of a alkaline/neutral invertase, ZmINVAN8, in heterotrophic plastids of developing maize endosperm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In young developing sink tissues of plants such as maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm, cellular sucrose (Suc) cleavage is dominated by the invertase (INV) enzyme class whose members comprise a large gene family. This study concerns the alkaline/neutral-INV (A/N-INV) subfamily during the early stages of maize endosperm development (4-14 days after pollination [DAP]), before the start of grain filling. Nine of the ten A/N-INV genes show relatively high expression at early stages of endosperm development, one among which, ZmINVAN8, is the focus of the present study. We determined the subcellular localization of ZmINVAN8 and describe its biochemical characterization. Proteome and marker enzyme analyses of leucoplasts isolated from maize endosperm at 6-10 DAP showed that this A/N-INV isoform is localized to the stroma of heterotrophic plastids. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of transiently expressed GFP-tagged ZmINVAN8 in tobacco leaf cells revealed that the putative 62-amino acid transit peptide of the full-length ZmINVAN8 protein (60.94 kDa) is necessary for import into plastids and that this A/N-INV isoform is localized to the stroma. The possible biological role of this Suc-hydrolyzing enzyme inside heterotrophic plastids of the endosperm is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".