Biological Control of Microcystis aeruginosa Through Sequestration in Pseudofaeces Produced by the Freshwater Gastropod, Sinotaia aeruginosa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are most commonly caused by the proliferation of the toxic species, Microcystis aeruginosa. It is therefore of considerable interest to develop biological control processes which are economically feasible and scalable for this cyanobacteria that produces the cyanotoxin, microcystin. Some gastropods that are abundant in freshwater ecosystems can filter feed on floating planktonic microphytes. We investigated this in the freshwater snail, Sinotaia aeruginosa which indiscriminately accumulated M. aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, and Trichormus variabilis (syn. Anabaena variabilis) The initial filtration rates were approx. 44 and 19 mL · gwwt−1 · h−1 for unicellular and colony-forming M. aeruginosa, respectively. The pseudofaeces that were formed directly by filtration possessed a limited period of stability, and the bulk of the M. aeruginosa from pseudofaeces was eventually released back to the water column as undigested cyanobacteria. Nevertheless, the rate of sequestration of colonial M. aeruginosa into pseudofaeces was greater than its rate of release, thereby indicating that the temporary stability of pseudofaeces alone would be adequate to impede bloom formation. Therefore, these results provide evidence for using this gastropod in an effective preventative strategy for CHABs formation. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the impact of feeding mechanisms on ecosystem structure when proposing their use in biomanipulative processes aimed at correcting cyanobacteria impacted ecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".