Prospects for public participation in energy transitions in Canada: Householders' interests in hosting, coordinating, and trading electricity at the local level
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In Canada, climate change and the rising cost of fossil fuel‐based energy are driving a transition to cleaner local energy systems—combining renewable energy, storage, and smart devices. While these technologies are important, without public support and participation, they will not ensure a just and sustainable transition. In this context, we analyze data from a nationally representative survey (n = 941) of Canadians’ views towards local energy system change, with a focus on three actions (hosting generation, agreeing to external control, and trading electricity) that will be vital. We are interested in overall trends across Canada, though given regional differences and the need to understand the people likely to support these actions, we utilize geographic, socio‐demographic, and political variables to explore variations. In this, four key distinctions were found: females were more likely to support local generation; Quebec residents were more likely to consider coordination by letting an authority take control of their household's appliances; younger Canadians were more interested in all actions; and there was a left‐right divide along political lines, with those supporting left‐leaning parties being more interested in energy management. We locate these findings within broader discussions and close our article with recommendations for further research and policy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".