Reliability and validity of the Oxford Visual Perception Screen in sub-acute adult stroke survivors
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Due to a lack of time-efficient standardized assessments, there is a high risk of unidentified visual perception difficulties in stroke survivors. The Oxford Visual Perception Screen (OxVPS) is a 15-min performance-based screen for visual perception difficulties through tasks like picture naming and face recognition. This study evaluates the inter-rater reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity of OxVPS. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 161 stroke survivors within 8 weeks of their stroke, sufficient understanding of English, ability to concentrate for 15 min, and capacity to consent took part across three UK rehabilitation units. Video-recordings of OxVPS assessments were rated by an independent rater for inter-rater reliability. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing OxVPS scores with the Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery (RPAB), a 45–90-min battery of visual perceptual tasks. Discriminant validity compared OxVPS scores with performance on the Blind Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA-B) for cognition and with the Visual Impairment Screening Assessment (VISA) for sensory vision. Results: Inter-rater reliability showed equivalent ratings (N = 107, t(106) = −14.77, p < .001) and mean difference of −0.01 point on a 10-point scale in a Bland–Altman analysis (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.14 to 0.13). Convergent and discriminant validity demonstrated a high correlation of 0.78 (N = 58, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86) between OxVPS and RPAB, lower correlations of 0.52 with MOCA-B scores (N = 113, 95% CI: 0.37–0.64) and .39 with VISA scores (N = 110, 95% CI: 0.22–0.54). Conclusions: Data indicate good inter-rater reliability and evidence that OxVPS predominantly measures visual perception difficulties (convergent validity) in stroke survivors and less so cognition or sensory vision (discriminant validity).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it