Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of Embedded Bolt Structure in Wind Turbine Blades Through Subcomponent Test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Root failure is one of the critical failure modes of wind turbine blades. This paper investigates the mechanical behavior of the embedded bolt structure (EBS) in wind turbine blades under tensile force through subcomponent tests. The specimens were subjected to ultimate static and fatigue loads using a specially designed rig for the subcomponent test. At the same time, a finite element model of the EBS was developed to predict the test results and analyze the failure process. The finite element simulation showed good agreement with the test results. The simulation and test results indicate that the debonding of the interface between the glass fiber bundle, the pultruded GFRP, and the GFRP laminate leads to the failure of the EBS. Under different stress amplitudes, the specimens exhibited the same failure mode. The shear strength of the adhesive determines the ultimate and fatigue tensile strength of the EBS. Improving the diameter of the bolt sleeve and the shear strength of the adhesive can enhance the EBS to better mechanical properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".