Characterisation of off-flavour compounds and their sensory impact on Lupinus angustifolius L.: Special emphasis on volatile markers of green, grassy, and beany aroma notes and bitter taste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) across five varieties of Lupinus angustifolius L. were quantified using headspace solid-phase microextraction assisted gas chromatography orbitrap mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-Orbitrap-MS), and alkaloids were analysed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with their sensory impact assessed through a trained panel. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic comparison of off-flavour profiles across multiple L. angustifolius varieties grown in Western Australia under different sowing conditions. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) and VOCs in L. angustifolius were regulated by interactions between the sowing time and variety. Partial Least Squares regression (PLS-R) indicated that PBA Jurien exhibited stronger bitterness and a 'green/grassy' aroma, whereas Tanjil had a stronger beany aroma. Kalya and Mandelup showed lower contribution to undesirable sensory notes. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a weak positive, statistically significant relationship between 'green/grassy' aroma and specific lipoxygenase (LOX) activity across L. angustifolius varieties, whereas no significant correlation was observed between 'beany' aroma and specific LOX activity. Lupanine showed a strong positive correlation with specific LOX activity and a moderate positive association with bitterness. This study provides insights into screening L. angustifolius varieties with reduced 'beany', 'green/grassy' aromas and bitterness for future human food applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".