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Record W4415773049 · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c09233

Urban Allergic Diseases Are Exacerbated by Adverse Environmental Factors

2025· article· en· W4415773049 on OpenAlexaff
Jialu Shi, Ran Zhang, Lili Zhang, Yuxin Wang, Yan Xu, Yue Wang, Vijaya Raghavan, Jin Wang

Bibliographic record

VenueEnvironmental Science & Technology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGut microbiota and health
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
FundersNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaSoutheast UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of China
KeywordsIncidence (geometry)MicrobiomeDiseaseAsthmaConsumption (sociology)Rural areaUrban environmentChronic disease

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Allergic disease prevalence differs between urban and rural populations. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between environmental and dietary factors and allergic diseases in both urban and rural settings. The results showed that the alarming increase in the incidence and severity of allergic diseases coincided with environmental and lifestyle changes, such as global warming, extreme weather and dietary modifications. Higher greenhouse gas emissions, consumption of fast food and fried meat, use of pesticides, and less exposure to pets, greenery, and environmental microbes are associated with increased rates of urban allergic diseases. The living environment influenced the microbiota of rural and urban children. Changes in environments and lifestyles influence the commensal gut, skin, respiratory, and nasal microbiomes and their human hosts, contributing to the rising incidence of allergic diseases.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.015

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.002
GPT teacher head0.203
Teacher spread0.201 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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