Comprehensive assessment of two Diptera species in the resource utilization process of swine manure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To advance sustainable swine manure management through insect-mediated bioconversion, this study implemented a comparative evaluation of the flesh fly Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and the blow fly Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We quantified: (i) larval viability and bioconversion efficiency under manure-fed conditions, (ii) nutritional profiles and heavy metal accumulation in larval biomass, and (iii) agronomic value and residual heavy metal speciation of processed residues. B. peregrina exhibited higher adaptability, achieving a 95% survival rate and maximum biomass within 72 h, achieving a 35.6% swine manure mass reduction, slightly outperforming A. grahami (34.3% over 84 h). Both species produced nutrient-dense larvae (56.2% to 56.4% crude protein, 24.5% to 25.2% lipid) and pupae (61.3% to 63.8% protein, 18.4% to 19.1% lipid), with balanced essential amino acid profiles suitable for animal feed. However, arsenic accumulation in larvae approached EU feed safety limits, highlighting the need for substrate optimization. Processed residues showed enhanced agronomic value, with available phosphorus increasing by 24% to 29%, while most heavy metals remained below phytotoxic thresholds; however, chromium approximately doubled after bioconversion. From an application perspective, the short development time (3 to 5 d) and relatively high conversion efficiency of both species suggest economic advantages over longer-cycle insects such as black soldier fly, although successful scale-up will require careful management of substrate variability, biosecurity, and trace-metal risks. Overall, these findings identify B. peregrina and A. grahami as promising candidates for circular agriculture systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".