Anchoring Formamidinium Hypophosphite in Formamidinium Iodide Enabling Impressive Crystallization Quality for Wide‐bandgap Perovskite Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The severe open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) loss arising from poor crystallization quality of absorbers is a considerable challenge in the wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), impeding the lift of power conversion efficiency (PCE). The traditional methods of introducing additives to improve the quality of absorbers are generally carried out during the fabrication process of PSCs, which increases the complexity of the fabrication process and raises the manufacturing costs. In this context, a new complex called formamidinium hypophosphite (FAHP) is synchronously synthesized during the crucial raw material synthesis of formamidinium iodide (FAI). This FAHP is found to facilitate perovskite crystallization. The trace amount of FAHP tends to coordinate with Pb 2+ in the perovskite precursor solution, and the formed complex decomposes, leading to the delay of crystallization rate during the annealing process of perovskite films, thus enabling the WBG perovskite films with respectable crystallinity and minor detrimental defects. The corresponding champion PSC displays a remarkable PCE of 23.26% with V OC of 1.26 V. In addition, the unencapsulated devices maintain more than 80% of their initial PCE after 1400 h storage in air.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".