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Record W4415815381 · doi:10.5558/tfc2025-010

Efficiency of the Canadian secondary wood product manufacturing sector: Results from a national survey

2025· article· en· W4415815381 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Lili Sun, Bryan E.C. Bogdanski, Lee-Yang Wong

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Forestry Chronicle · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldDecision Sciences
TopicEfficiency Analysis Using DEA
Canadian institutionsNatural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Fundersnot available
KeywordsData envelopment analysisScale (ratio)Production (economics)Product (mathematics)EfficiencyMeasure (data warehouse)Production efficiency

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this paper, data from a 2017 national survey of Canadian secondary wood manufacturers was used to measure the efficiency of the sector. Efficiency is measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results show the overall efficiency of firms across this sub-sector of the broader forest economy was low and this arises from the lack of technical efficiency more than scale efficiency, with about 4% of firms being technically efficient. Firm efficiency scores varied across provinces and business types. Results from regression analysis of the technical efficiency scores on various firm attributes and self-indicated constraints to firm growth show that large firms located in Quebec and in rural areas tend to have higher technical efficiency. In addition, financial constraints hinder companies’ overall efficiency in general. The results indicate the need for further policies that focus on supporting improved production techniques, technological innovation, management, and labour skills.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.668
Threshold uncertainty score0.794

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0020.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.326
Teacher spread0.268 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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