B Cell-Induced Lymph Node Stromal Remodeling Compromised Neutrophil Response to Secondary <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The lymph node (LN) stromal cells create niches, regulate lymph drainage, and guide the migration, positioning, and activation of immune cells within the LN. Upon stimulation, the stromal cells respond dynamically to accommodate the massive expansion of immune cells in the LN. However, there is still a limited understanding of how niche-associated stromal cell subsets are remodeled and how this remodeling reshapes host immune protection. In an oxazolone (OX)-induced skin inflammation model, we found that LN remodeling weakened the neutrophil response to secondary Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) infection in the inflamed LN, whereas depleting B cells rescued the responses. To understand the mechanism, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to characterize alterations in fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) subsets and identified a new FRC subset expressing an intermediate level of CXCL13 (Cxcl13 int RCs) in the inflamed LN. Further studies revealed that Cxcl13 int RCs replaced Ccl19 lo FRCs in the interfollicular zones (IFZs) of the inflamed LN, leading to a compromised conduit network. Depleting B cells preserved the integrity and function of the FRC-conduit network within the IFZ. Finally, the induction of Cxcl13 int RCs depended on the B cell-derived lymphotoxin signaling. The induced Cxcl13 int RCs were transitional, creating a time window of comprised immune protection during the OX-inflammation. This study elucidated a mechanism underlying LN stromal remodeling and provides proof-of-principle evidence that B cell-stromal interactions may be a novel target to enhance host immunity in diseased conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".