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Record W4415835012 · doi:10.1038/s42004-025-01731-8

From melanogenesis to melanin technologies

2025· review· en· W4415835012 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueCommunications Chemistry · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Topicmelanin and skin pigmentation
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityPolytechnique Montréal
FundersChina Scholarship CouncilOffice of Energy EfficiencyBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaEuropean Office of Aerospace Research and DevelopmentMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyU.S. Department of EnergyNanyang Technological UniversityRoyal SocietyUK Research and InnovationAir Force Office of Scientific Research
KeywordsMelaninPerspective (graphical)Supramolecular chemistryNatural (archaeology)Key (lock)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Melanins are a diverse family of natural pigments with a unique combination of optical, electronic, redox, and structural properties that challenge conventional chemical characterisation. This Perspective summarises key insights from the first international interdisciplinary meeting dedicated to melanin, held in Eastbourne, UK and sponsored by the Royal Society. The meeting brought together advances in melanogenesis, pigment evolution, molecular and supramolecular melanin characterisation, alongside emerging applications in energy storage, sensing, coatings, and biodegradable electronics. Here, we highlight the fragmentation of melanin research across disciplines and advocate for a unified, interdisciplinary approach to understanding melanin’s complex chemistry. By integrating perspectives from experts in biology, materials science, paleontology, device physics and chemistry, we propose a roadmap for future melanin research, towards melanin-based functional devices and technologies. Melanins are a diverse family of natural pigments with a unique combination of optical, electronic, redox, and structural properties that challenge conventional chemical characterisation. Here, the authors summarize insights from the first international interdisciplinary meeting dedicated to melanin and advocate for a unified approach to understanding melanin’s complex chemistry and advancing melanin-based technologies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.962
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.364
Teacher spread0.327 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it