An Intrinsically Conductive Cross‐Conjugated Polymer with a Quinhydrone‐Like Donor–Acceptor Charge‐Transfer Network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Intrinsically conductive polymers free of unstable mobile dopants are highly sought after for stable and reliable electronic performance, yet remain scarce due to synthetic challenges. Here we report poly(3,4‐dihydroxythiophene‐ alt ‐thiophene‐3,4‐dione) (HOT‐DOT), a novel cross‐conjugated polymer and the first polymeric analogue of a quinhydrone‐like charge‐transfer complex with intrinsic conductivity. HOT‐DOT is synthesized through a straightforward three‐step route, in which the final air oxidation step spontaneously generates a perfectly balanced 1:1 donor–acceptor architecture that promotes self‐doping and stabilizes polarons. The polymer exhibits a narrow bandgap (1.38 eV), broad near‐infrared absorption, and high conductivity (∼0.29 S cm −1 ), enabled by an ultrasmall π–π stacking distance (3.25 Å) despite its cross‐conjugated backbone. Spectroscopic and computational analyses reveal that strong interchain donor–acceptor interactions, reinforced by ammonia coordination, stabilize the self‐doped state. HOT‐DOT further displays rare positive temperature coefficient (PTC) behavior and long‐term ambient stability. As a proof of concept, flexible temperature sensors fabricated from HOT‐DOT films show reproducible and linear thermal responses over multiple cycles. This study establishes polymeric charge‐transfer complexes as a new design paradigm for intrinsically conductive, dopant‐free polymers with distinctive transport and sensing properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".