Cognitive function correlates with gastric alpha-synuclein seeding activity in early Parkinson’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (AS) accumulation is more frequently detected in the stomach than in the colon of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting its potential as a pathologic biomarker. This study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of real-time quaking-induced conversion assay on stomach biopsies for early PD and its association with clinical characteristics. Stomach biopsy tissues were prospectively collected from 22 patients with early-stage PD and 17 controls. Pathological AS-seeding activity was assessed, and correlations between kinematic parameters and clinical features were analyzed with age adjustment. Pathological AS-seeding activity was detected in 45.5% of patients with PD and in none of the controls. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was correlated with the lag time of positive replicates (Spearman's ρ = 0.742; p = 0.022), after age adjustment. The AS seed amplification assay using the stomach tissue may serve as a biomarker reflecting disease pathophysiology of the gut-brain axis in PD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".