Distal tip cell migration mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans are rescued by bioequivalent outputs from chondroitin and N-glycosylation pathways
Bibliographic record
Abstract
turn followed by migration in a dorsal direction. Here, we identify a genetic dependency between two glycosylation pathways that modify proteins at different sites and display bioequivalence that ensures phase 2 navigation at elevated temperatures. Loss-of-function (lf) mutations in one putative and one proven β4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase:- ngat-1(null) predicted to affect the formation of LacdiNAc on complex-type N-glycans and mig-22(lf) affecting chondroitin synthesis, each disrupted phase 2 with incomplete penetrance, whereas ngat-1;mig-22 double mutant was disrupted with high penetrance (>90%). Single mutants were rescued by a 1- to 2-day starvation-induced larval diapause (protective developmental arrest) followed by refeeding (S/R), but ngat-1;mig-22 was not rescued, suggesting the two gene products function redundantly. GlcNAc supplementation to the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), or gain-of-function mig-22(k185gf) rescued ngat-1(null), consistent with a compensating redundancy driven by enhanced UDP-HexNAc flux. Our results suggest that β-galactosides, structural features common to chondroitin and glycoproteins, contribute robustness that ensures DTC phase 2 fidelity under stressful thermal and nutritional conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".