Field‐applicable low‐intensity exercise induces bronchodilation in horses with severe asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Airway dysfunction in severe equine asthma (SEA) often results in early retirement or euthanasia of affected horses. Exercise-induced bronchodilation occurs in horses with SEA after intense treadmill exercise, but the effects of a lighter, field-applicable, training regimen remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of submaximal aerobic exercise on airway obstruction during exacerbation of SEA. STUDY DESIGN: The preliminary phase explored the effects of a 25-min standardised exercise on the lung function of eight SEA horses. As notable bronchodilation occurred, the results were confirmed in a randomised controlled crossover protocol comparing the effect of the same standardised exercise on lung function with that of an equal duration turnout. METHODS: Lung function was assessed by standard lung mechanics before and 15 min after the interventions (turnout and walk/trot lungeing exercise). To compare exercise-induced bronchodilation with that of a potent bronchodilator in the main study, salbutamol was administered after the turnout intervention only, and lung function was measured again 5 min later. Data were analysed with t tests, Wilcoxon tests, and mixed-effects models. RESULTS: O/L/s after exercise (p = 0.006), whereas it remained unchanged after the turnout intervention. Following salbutamol administration after the turnout, lung function was comparable to that of the lunged horses, suggesting that the extent of exercise-induced bronchodilation was similar to that achieved with a β2-adrenergic agonist. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The small number of aged horses, the lack of blinding, and the focus on the short-term effects of exercise restrict the generalisability of the results. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid and potent bronchodilation achieved through brief aerobic exercise supports the investigation of a training program's impact on the management of SEA.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".