Characterization of astrocytic primary cilia in the adult mouse cortex and hippocampus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The primary cilium is a single, antenna-like projection found on the surface of eukaryotic cells. Primary cilia contain cell signaling components that are critical for developmental patterning and cell cycle maintenance. New functions for primary cilia are being discovered in the context of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases. Yet, the fundamental properties of primary cilia on cells in the CNS remain to be fully understood. This is especially true for astrocytes, an abundant CNS cell type that has key roles in CNS development, function, homeostasis, and response to disease. In this study, we analyze astrocytic primary cilia using a combination of light and serial electron microscopy approaches in the hippocampus and the cortex in adult mice. We report distinct properties of astrocytic primary cilia in these brain regions in comparison to nearby neuronal primary cilia with respect to molecular composition, length, orientation, and local connectivity. Furthermore, we show that the properties of astrocytic and neuronal primary cilia can vary between and within hippocampal and cortical subregions/strata and this can be influenced by sex. Serial electron microscopy reveals structural diversity of the astrocytic ciliary pocket, leading to variations in extracellular exposure and local connectivity of the primary cilia. We further show that expression of a mutant primary cilia protein in astrocytes during development leads to sparse distribution of astrocytes in the upper cortical layers. Unique properties of astrocytic primary cilia may indicate their differential ability to signal in response to extracellular environmental cues to regulate the molecular and structural properties of astrocytes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".