Additivity of the genetic load is a product of both synergistic and antagonistic epistasis in <i>Drosophila</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Epistasis has been theoretically implicated in several major evolutionary processes, including the evolution of sex and speciation, but empirical evidence for its impact is still lacking. We tested for epistatic interactions using a full-sib inbreeding design in Drosophila melanogaster . We examined the effects of deleterious mutations on two sequential components of life-history: pupal productivity and pupa-to-adult viability. We observed an accelerating decline in pupal productivity with increasing inbreeding coefficient, consistent with synergistic epistasis, whereas pupa-to-adult viability exhibited a decelerating decline, consistent with antagonistic epistasis. This decoupling led to an overall linear decline in the production of adult offspring with increasing inbreeding. Our findings suggest that epistatic interactions can be highly trait-specific, underscoring the importance of analyzing individual, physiologically interconnected, fitness traits to understand the role of epistasis in evolutionary processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".