Eagle’s syndrome with stylohyoid chain pseudoarthrosis and thyrohyoid ligament ossification: A case report and literature review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: Eagle's syndrome is caused by anatomical variations or ossification of the stylohyoid chain (SHC) and presents with complex, nonspecific symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis. Complete ossification of the SHC is exceptionally rare, and reporting such cases may enhance clinical awareness and improve diagnostic accuracy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 57-year-old man presented with persistent right mandibular pain lasting over 4 months. The pain intensified with mouth opening, swallowing, or head tilting, and radiated beneath the right earlobe. Conservative treatments including anti-inflammatory medication, nerve block therapy, and acupuncture were ineffective. DIAGNOSES: Physical examination revealed tenderness and swelling under the right earlobe, pain in the right floor of the mouth, and moderate limitation of mouth opening. Multilayer spiral CT with 3-dimensional reconstruction demonstrated complete ossification and thickening of the right SHC, elongation of the left styloid process, and ossification of the left lateral thyrohyoid ligament, confirming Eagle's syndrome. INTERVENTIONS: Extraoral surgical resection was performed, including excision of the ossified stylohyoid ligament, the entire styloid process, and partial hyoid bone resection. OUTCOMES: The patient achieved complete pain relief postoperatively. During a long-term follow-up of nearly 5 years, no recurrence was observed. LESSONS: This case illustrates an uncommon presentation of Eagle's syndrome with complete SHC ossification and thyrohyoid ligament involvement. Multilayer spiral CT with 3-dimensional reconstruction provides critical diagnostic and surgical planning value. Surgical resection remains the most effective treatment and should be individualized according to the patient's anatomical features and symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".