Design of porous architectures in laser powder bed fusion: effect of hatch spacing and rotation angle on density and pore morphology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bone is a complex and hierarchical structure with the ability to provide extensive structural support to the body while also being lightweight for ease of motion. Bone can be damaged due to injury or illness, requiring the need for an orthopedic implant to enhance function, to provide structure and to encourage the growth of new bone. A challenge with current metal orthopedic implants is stress shielding, where there is a mismatch of mechanical moduli between the implant and human bone. When designing implants, it is important to tailor the mechanical response of the implant to natural bone to avoid stress shielding. This research explores a new method for implant design, incorporating pores stochastically using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). This type of porosity is introduced into a solid metal part during printing by altering process parameters in PBF-LB. The density and pore morphology are dictated by the hatch spacing (100 – 500 µm) and rotation angle (60° and 67°). These structures were printed in Ti-6Al-4V. The effects of the hatch spacing and rotation angle on melt pool morphology and porosity were investigated, resulting in densities of 50.20 - 99.98% and columnar and stochastic pore morphologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".