Reduced cerebrovascular reactivity in youth with complex congenital heart defects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aims Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common neonatal malformations. Neonates with complex CHD present with cerebrovascular dysfunction, including deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), a measure of vascular reserve. However, it is unknown whether these deficits persist beyond the perioperative period. Methods and Results Here, we compared CVR between 53 youth with CHD and 54 age-matched controls without CHD. CVR was derived using a novel approach based on resting state blood oxygen-level dependent magnetic resonance imaging. We found that youth with CHD present with relative CVR deficits in the whole gray matter and in the anterior cerebral artery territory when compared to controls. Sex differences were identified in the middle cerebral artery territory, with females having lower relative CVR than males in the CHD group. Greater CVR deficits were observed in individuals with single-ventricle as compared to participants with a two-ventricle physiology. Finally, in the CHD group, a lower CVR was found to be associated with reduced performance on the Metacognitive Abilities Index of the BRIEF-A. Conclusion These results indicate that cerebrovascular deficits in CHD survivors persistent into young adulthood and that CVR offers great promise as a biomarker of cerebrovascular health which could be targeted in future interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".