Fiber-Optic Viscometer Based on Damping Rate of Off-Core Microsphere Cantilever
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Viscosity governs fluid motion and has broad applications in scientific research, biomedicine, and industry. This paper proposed and demonstrated a compact all-fiber viscometer based on an off-core optical fiber cantilever integrated with a microsphere to form interferometer for high sensitivity viscosity sensing via vibrational damping analysis. The cantilever's free end is immersed in the test liquid and driven by a mechanical actuator, while the viscosity-dependent damping is extracted from the optical response of an interferometric cavity formed between the off-core fiber and the microsphere. The phase delay between the excitation and vibration signals serves as the primary sensing parameter for viscosity measurement in real-time. The all-fiber architecture ensures a miniaturized footprint and requires only a small sample volume (∼50 μL). Experimental validation demonstrates a strong correlation between the measured phase delay and viscosities ranging from 1.144 mPa·s to 8.029 mPa·s. The proposed viscometer offers a robust and practical solution for real-time viscosity monitoring in biomedical diagnostics, industrial process control, and microfluidic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".