Revisiting the Shockley–Queisser Limit: Understanding Solar Cell Efficiency in One Sun and Indoor Environments
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
junction as a blackbody (BB) illuminated by the sun as a BB, remains a theoretical benchmark but overlooks key loss mechanisms like nonradiative recombination. By reproducing the SQL and incorporating the external radiative efficiency (ERE), we quantify real-world efficiency losses. Our findings show that GaAs and perovskite solar cells, with minimal nonradiative losses, approach theoretical limits under both AM1.5G and indoor lighting. We also demonstrate that BB intensity─modulated by temperature or geometric factors─shifts optimal efficiency: lower BB temperatures cause a red shift, while reduced geometric factors induce a blue shift. Among artificial sources, LEDs and fluorescents offer the best performance at higher energies, whereas incandescent light favors lower energies. These results highlight the need to minimize nonradiative losses and tailor device design to specific spectral irradiance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it