Geographic distribution, habitat suitability, and habitat loss of plains rough fescue ( <i>Festuca hallii</i> (Vasey) Piper) in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plains rough fescue, a native species of North America's central plains, has experienced a decline due to land conversion and population fragmentation. To assess the historical distribution of this species, we employed ecological niche modeling. Presence records of Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper were collected from the SEINet Portal Network, iNaturalist, herbaria in The United States and Canada, and Canadian conservation data centers. A model was developed using MaxEnt with 1048 records, seven climatic variables and nine soil variables. A habitat suitability map was generated illustrating the likely distribution of F. hallii before European settlement in 19th century. The species has a high probability of occurrence across the Canadian prairies, with fragmented distribution in regions of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta and United States. Good habitat for F. hallii is characterized by soil bulk density between 1.07 and 1.25 g cm −3 , annual mean temperature between 0.64 and 4.14 °C, precipitation during the warmest quarter between 149.72 and 228.19 mm, soil water content between 38.9% and 45.85%, and precipitation seasonality between 51.53% and 77.08%, which were the most important predictors in the model. Of the 450 206 km 2 historic range, approximately 63 273 km 2 , or 14.1%, remains intact with land cover/land use data indicating grassland conversion to agriculture as the main cause of habitat loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".