Imbalanced Scales: Weighting Approaches to Multidimensional Scale Composition of Job Well-Being
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organizational phenomena are often measured using multidimensional constructs comprising interrelated dimensions to capture complex attitudes and behaviours. While these constructs are typically balanced with an equal number of items per dimension, imbalances can occur by design or application. Imbalanced scales pose challenges in accurately reflecting the dimensions' true weight and assessing the construct's impact on other variables. This study examines how different weighting approaches to scale compositions influence relationships with explanatory factors using the Job Demands-Resources framework. By analyzing demand and resource effects on four job well-being scale weighting schemes (hedonic and eudemonic sub-dimensions), the findings reveal that scale composition significantly alters the effects of exogenous variables. These results raise critical concerns about construct, internal, and external validity in studies that utilize multidimensional constructs with imbalanced scales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.072 | 0.196 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".