Job Type and Reactions to Men’s and Women’s Performance and Altruistic OCB: Does Culture Matter?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the effects of job type and target gender on observers' reactions to men’s and women’s job performance and altruistic citizenship behavior in the cultural context. A total of 2,642 undergraduate business students from 11 countries responded to experimental vignettes. In a 2 × 2 × 2 between-participants factorial design, the analysis revealed that controlling for respondents’ gender and job type significantly differed in the reactions to altruistic citizenship behavior: participants considered this behavior more optional for the masculine job type than the feminine job type. In addition, country culture made a significant difference in both job performance and altruistic behaviors. Job performance and altruistic behavior were required significantly more in vertical collectivist cultures than horizontal individualist cultures. The target's gender did not affect either behavior. Directions for future research and implications of the findings for those in leadership roles are suggested. Key Words: Gender roles, cross-cultural study, OCB expectations, gender typed jobs, experiment
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".