Place Disruptions as Extreme Events: The Role of Place Multiplexity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines how disruptions to place are experienced as extreme events. Drawing on Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies, we analyze transcripts from public hearings on three Canadian oil pipeline projects—TransMountain Pipeline, Line 3 Replacement Program, and Energy East Pipeline. Our findings reveal that existing place-related concepts, such as sense of place and place attachment, fail to fully capture the multifaceted relationship Indigenous Peoples have with their lands. To address this gap, we introduce place multiplexity, a concept that highlights the layering of multiple meanings in the relationship between people and place. We show that place multiplexity influences how disruptions are experienced, with greater layers of meaning amplifying the experience of place disruptions as extreme events. Our paper contributes to the literature on place and extreme events, while also having practical implications by underscoring the importance of incorporating Indigenous perspectives into decision-making to avoid harmful impacts and support community well-being.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".