<i>The Strengths of Black Families</i> : Family Support, Fictive Kinship, and Congregation-Based Social Support Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article provides a selected review of research literature on Black American families using Robert B. Hill’s classic book, The Strengths of Black Families. Hill’s framework identified several basic tenets for understanding Black family life, including (1) the importance of socio-historical context for understanding family development, (2) recognizing sociodemographic diversity within the Black population, and (3) promoting strengths-focused approaches in research and practice. Our selective review of research on extended family social support, fictive kin relationships, and congregation-based social support networks among Black Americans embodies these tenets. A portion of this research is based on nationally representative samples that reflect the sociodemographic diversity within the Black American population. Collectively, this work effectively demonstrates how advances in theory, methods, and data analytic approaches have contributed to research and scholarship that support Robert Hill’s vision of meaningful research about and for Black American families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".