Spreading depolarization and its influence on epileptiform activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Spreading depolarization (SD) is a transient disruption of electrographic activity that slowly propagates through the gray matter by chemical contiguity, and it is characterized by a large depolarization of neurons and glial cells. SD, which is associated with massive changes in ion homeostasis, including extreme increases in [K + ] o , was shown to occur in various neurological diseases such as migraine and traumatic brain injury. It is hypothesized to also occur in epilepsy. We review here the cellular and pharmacological features of SD that was mainly induced in vitro by different pharmacological manipulations as well as its relationship to focal seizures that can concomitantly occur in these in vitro and in vivo preparations. Recent experimental evidence points to SD playing a role in controlling seizure generation, but other studies have reported that SD facilitates ictogenesis. We conclude that further work is needed to firmly identify the role of SD in modulating focal seizure generation. These future experiments should also help in clearly defining the role played by SD in the manifestation of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".