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Record W4416043472 · doi:10.1117/1.jmi.12.6.064501

Interpretable convolutional neural network for autism diagnosis support in children using structural magnetic resonance imaging datasets

2025· article· en· W4416043472 on OpenAlex
G. Martinez, Anthony Winder, Emma A. M. Stanley, Raissa Souza, Matthias Wilms, Myka L. Estes, Sarah J. MacEachern, Nils D. Forkert

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Medical Imaging · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicAutism Spectrum Disorder Research
Canadian institutionsHotchkiss Brain InstituteAlberta Children's HospitalUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAutismConvolutional neural networkMagnetic resonance imagingClinical diagnosisAutism spectrum disorderNeurodevelopmental disorderArtificial neural networkDeep learning

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Purpose: Autism is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions, and it is characterized by restricted, repetitive behaviors and social difficulties that affect daily functioning. It is challenging to provide an early and accurate diagnosis due to the wide diversity of symptoms and the developmental changes that occur during childhood. We evaluate the feasibility of an explainable deep learning (DL) model using structural MRI (sMRI) to identify meaningful brain biomarkers relevant to autism in children and thus support its diagnosis. Approach: -weighted sMRI scans from children aged 9 to 11 years were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. A DL model was trained to differentiate between autistic and typically developing children. Model explainability was assessed using saliency maps to identify key brain regions contributing to classification. Model performance was evaluated across 20 folds and compared with traditional machine learning models trained with regional volumetric features extracted from the sMRI scans. Results: The model achieved a mean area under the receiver operating curve of 71.2%. The saliency maps highlighted brain regions that are known neuroanatomical and functional biomarkers associated with autism, such as the cuneus, pericalcarine, ventricles, lingual, vermal lobules, caudate, and thalamus. Conclusions: We show the potential of interpretable DL models trained on sMRI data to aid in autism diagnosis within a narrowly defined pediatric age group. Our findings contribute to the field of explainable artificial intelligence methods in neurodevelopmental research and may help in clinical decision-making for autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.788
Threshold uncertainty score0.755

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.340
Teacher spread0.324 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it