Relation of Serum Vitamin-D Level with Serum Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 in Patients with Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a prevalent degenerative condition influenced by inflammatory processes. Vitamin D possesses immunomodulatory properties that could potentially impact cytokine expression, notably interleukin (IL)-6 and -10, in osteoarthritic pathology. This study investigates the correlation between serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D₃) levels and serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 among patients with primary knee OA. Material And Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 80 patients aged above 45 years diagnosed with primary knee OA confirmed radiologically (Kellgren–Lawrence grading). Participants underwent serum analysis for vitamin D₃, IL-6, and IL-10. Clinical severity was assessed through the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) for functional impairment. Data analysis employed Pearson correlation and analysis of variance. Results: Mean serum vitamin D₃ was 27.9 ± 12.2 ng/mL. IL-6 showed significant elevation in vitamin D-deficient patients (128.2 ± 142.5 pg/mL) compared to vitamin D-insufficient (49.5 ± 36.2 pg/mL) and sufficient groups (28.7 ± 14.9 pg/mL) (P < 0.001). IL-10 levels did not vary significantly across vitamin D status groups. Pearson’s correlation demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D₃ and IL-6 (r = –0.444; P < 0.001), while correlations with IL-10, VAS, and WOMAC scores were non-significant. Conclusions: A significant inverse association between serum vitamin D₃ levels and IL-6 concentrations highlights a potential role of vitamin D in modulating inflammation in knee OA. However, no correlation was observed between vitamin D status, cytokine levels, and clinical OA severity. Longitudinal research is required to assess the therapeutic implications of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation and OA progression. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, vitamin D, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, inflammation, knee joint.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".