Temperature, maximum size, and the Atlantic surfclam <i>Spisula solidissima</i> : the sensitivity of demographics to climate warming, the perfidy of food, and a vignette on size-limited management in bivalve fisheries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dominant theme explaining intraspecific latitudinal size gradients is the temperature–size rule which states that growth rates decline but maximum sizes increase with declining temperatures over a species’ range. Herein, the demographics of the Atlantic surfclam Spisula solidissima are evaluated relative to the temperature–size rule, followed by contemplations on the impact of climate change on its management. Analysis of latitudinal trends in size–frequency identifies the anticipated trend of increasing maximum size with decreasing temperature. A metabolic energetics model shows that variations in size accrue from the physiological impact of geographic variations in temperature modulated by variations in food supply. Lifetime fecundity declines with increasing temperature. Implications include the decline in maximum size towards the south limiting the southern stock as a larval source. As temperature increases, the more rapid early growth rate does not counterweigh the cap on size imposed by temperature. Thus, higher temperatures rob the species of reproductive potential. Management measures based on the size frequency are discussed, and specifically regulatory size limits on landings are identified as incompatible with the temperature–size rule. The contribution directly addresses the influence of climate change on the fisheries management of the Atlantic surfclam, with specific reference to size-limit regulations. This paper, more broadly, examines the influence of rising temperatures on the growth of Atlantic surfclams and, by extension, most of the Bivalvia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".