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Record W4416076698 · doi:10.5206/uwomj.v93i1.22822

Water, Water, Everywhere: Climate Change and The Physician’s Role in Water Infrastructure

2025· article· W4416076698 on OpenAlex
Victoria Chharawala, Amera Gamela Khalaff

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueUniversity of Western Ontario Medical Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicWater management and technologies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPublic healthIndusHippocratic OathWater supplyFlood mythClimate changeCredibilityWaterborne diseases

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The historical narrative of medicine recognizes the connection between public water infrastructure and health outcomes, ranging from antiquity to the present day. Over three thousand years ago, the Indus Valley Civilizations utilized reservoirs and pipes to separate drinking water and wastewater. In Ancient Greece, reference guides for physicians such as the Hippocratic Corpus’ Airs, Waters, Places describe the qualities of natural water sources and their effects on local inhabitants. In comparison to those ancient cultures, Dr. John Snow and his contemporaries traced the cholera epidemics in the latter half of the nineteenth century through London, England via contaminated water wells. At the advent of industrialization, the analytical study of disease and public health by the Victorians brought attention and credibility to water as both an agent for disease prevention and disease transmission. Upon entering the twenty-first century, the connections between physicians, water, and public infrastructure have grown increasingly complex; while sophisticated wastewater tracking is used to predict virus outbreaks, accessibility to clean freshwater is increasingly threatened. This article will examine the enduring connections between clean water and public health, as well as the role of the physician as a health expert and advocate for accessible and durable water infrastructure.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.406
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.174
Teacher spread0.165 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it