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Record W4416079417 · doi:10.1007/s10508-025-03241-z

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian/Gay Men and Women

2025· article· en· W4416079417 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Liadh Timmins, Dermot Barnes‐Holmes, Qazi Rahman

Bibliographic record

VenueArchives of Sexual Behavior · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicLGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersAmerican Institute of Bisexuality
KeywordsSexual orientationSexual attractionAttractionSexual behaviorOrientation (vector space)Young adultMeaning (existential)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Previous research has suggested that scores generated using a sexual orientation Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) correlate with self-reported sexual orientation in gay and heterosexual men and have a strong ability to differentiate the two groups (Timmins et al., 2016). The present study sought to replicate this work and to determine how a range of groups that differ in terms of self-reported sexual orientation perform on the measure. Lesbian/gay, heterosexual, and bisexual women (n = 99) and men (n = 96) completed a sexual orientation IRAP and self-report measures of sexual attraction and behavior. The IRAP involved responding "True" or "False" to pictures of nude males and females paired with words meaning attractive or unattractive. Participants were required to respond as if all men were attractive and all women were unattractive for half of the IRAP's test blocks, and vice versa for the other half. Response latencies were recorded, and D-IRAP scores were calculated for overall responses, female responses, and male responses. Significant correlations were found between all D-IRAP scores and all corresponding self-report measures for men (rs = .38-.64). This was also true for women (rs = .24-.53) with a single exception: the D-IRAP score for responses to men with self-reported sexual attraction to men. Similarly, almost all D-IRAP scores significantly differentiated sexual orientation groups (areas under the curve = .64-.92), apart from bisexual and lesbian/gay women. These findings suggest the IRAP is a useful ex situ measure of sexual orientation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.012

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.042
GPT teacher head0.407
Teacher spread0.365 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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