Auxin transport positions stem cells in the vascular cambium during normal development and regeneration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
roots, these stem cells are first established adjacent to primary xylem cells suggesting that undifferentiated primary xylem cells function as stem-cell organizers. Here, we show that auxin transport-guided auxin accumulation in the cells with primary xylem identity (PXI cells) within the root apical meristem defines the vascular cambial stem-cell organizer already during the primary development. Ablation of PXI cells or transient interference of auxin transport resulted in respecification of stem cells within the vascular bundle in a scattered manner. Similarly, ablation of cells with secondary xylem identity (SXI cells) in the mature vascular cambium resulted in the regeneration of SXI cells from stem cells within the same radial cell files. Reciprocally, ablation of stem cells in mature vascular cambium led to respecification of new stem cells from adjacent SXI cells. Thus, in response to injury, xylem identity cells and stem cells form an interchangeable unit, which we propose to define as a stem cell niche. Successful respecification of stem cells required functional auxin transport and presence of undifferentiated xylem cells. Overall, our findings reveal that undifferentiated secondary xylem functions as the stem cell reservoir and highlight the key role of auxin transport-mediated auxin accumulation in stem cell positioning during cambium development and regeneration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".