A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The East Asian species of Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) are reviewed using a combination of traditional morphological approaches (microscopy, dissections) and DNA barcoding. Three new species, A. cryptica Lewis & Kojima, sp. nov. , A. koguma Lewis & Kojima, sp. nov. and A. squamata Lewis & Kojima, sp. nov. are described from mainland Japan. The former two species are cryptic and sister to more widespread, previously described taxa. Based on examination of name-bearing type material and morphological considerations Acicnemis cruciata Kleine, 1924 syn. nov. is a junior subjective synonym of Acicnemis postica Hubenthal, 1919, Acicnemis yakushimana Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995 syn. nov. is a junior subjective synonym of A. dividicincta Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1995, and Acicnemis dorsonigrita Voss, 1941 syn. nov. is a junior subjective synonym of Acicnemis palliata Pascoe, 1872. Lectotypes are designated for Acicnemis albofasciata (Ter-Minasian, 1953), A. laeta Hubenthal, 1919, A. postica Hubenthal, 1919 and A. sauteri Hubenthal, 1919. Important morphological characters used in Acicnemis species identification are reviewed and a key to the East Asian species is provided. DNA (CO1) barcoding is used to supplement our morphology-based species hypothesis, and the first published barcodes for most species covered here are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".